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Defines the metamaterial concept with benchmark applications.
Describes 5G and beyond technology antenna future with
metamaterial. Describes how 3D metamaterials are unleashing a
window in microwave imaging. Reviews nanosatellite runs by hooping
on metamaterial.
The current book attempts to investigate the application of
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in the Linear Constraint Minimum
Variance (LCMV) beamforming technique that improves the signal to
interference and noise ratio, data rates, null steering and
coverage of the cellular system. LCMV forms its radiation beam
towards desired signal through its weight vectors which are
computed through received signal. However, weights computed by LCMV
usually do not able to form the radiation beam towards the target
user precisely. Hence, in this research work, PSO is incorporated
into the existing LCMV technique in order to improve the weights of
LCMV.
Phytotoxic effect of biochanin A (a major isoflavone in clover) on
different weed species was evaluated in agar medium bioassays.
Silene noctiflora and Geranium molle roots growth were
progressively inhibited with increasing concentrations of biochanin
A, whereas the monocot species (Echinochloa crus-galli) were
unaffected. With regard to the dicot species, S. noctif lora (EC50
= 35.80 M and EC25 = 5.20 M) was more susceptible than G. molle
(EC50, EC25 > 400 M). S. noctif lora, G. molle, and E.
crus-galli root and shoot samples, representing a susceptible, a
less susceptible, and a nonsusceptible species, respectively, were
analyzed by LC-MS to quantify biochanin A and its transformation
products. Biochanin A and its known transformation products
genistein, dihydrobiochanin A, pratensein, and p-coumaric acid were
quantified. Sissotrin was identified and quantified while assigning
unknown peaks. The treated root samples contained more biochanin A,
genistein, pratensein, and dihydrobiochanin A than shoot samples.
This book is intended to illustrate an art of antenna design
technique for wireless communication system, and its development
and implementation on field of antenna technology. The endeavor is
to impart a working knowledge of the subject not just for students
and researchers but for the entire wireless community. This book
focuses on designing three types of new broadband antennas. Design
analysis has been carried out covering the frequency of IMT-2000
and ultrawideband (UWB). The first two types of the antenna designs
adopt contemporary techniques; L-probe feeding, inverted patch
structure with air-filled dielectric and the new shape patches. The
composite effect of integrating these techniques and by introducing
the new EE-H and E-H shaped patches, offers a low profile, high
gain, broadband, and compact antenna element. The third type of
antenna is developed for UWB frequency band which is based on new
stacked patch technique with a folded patch feed. The bandwidth is
obtained by a stacked patch fed with a folded patch feed; and the
size reduction is realized through the use of shorting wall.
This book discusses the role of optical networks in 3G, 4G, 5G and
beyond. The authors discuss the evolution of the technologies, the
research involved, and the applications with respect to optical
communication systems. In addition, the book provides in-depth
knowledge of broadband connectivity for future generation networks.
More focus is given towards the front-, mid- and back- hauling of
5G and beyond. The authors present architecture for broadband
connectivity and explain its potential in 5G and beyond
applications. This book includes several architectures based on
Hybrid Fiber-Wireless; Next Generation Passive Optical Networks
Stage 1 and 2; millimeter wave over fiber; sub-THz wave over fiber;
millimeter/sub-THz wave over multicore fiber; 6G fronthaul; 6G
backhaul; GMPLS networks, and massive MIMO sub-Thz antenna. The
contributors provide supplementary material such as simulations,
analysis and experiments.
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